Porous body expansion joint



Nov. 25, 1947..

A c. FISCHER POROUS BODY EXPANSION JOINT Filed March l, 1945 2Sheets-Sheet l LASTIC LLER O o C L mmm ml a SPR ORT RR RE .TES BA msm BAo amm um FB w R Ruasmza mnsvac R. @a TH NC 4 E v mF. ,l c i v E l, B L AY B ATTORNEY.

NOV. 25, .1947. A -C HSCHER 2,431,385

POROUS BODY EXPANSIQN JOINT Filed March l, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2RIJSBERIZED TAPE EMULSIQN FLEX n an. E BAKEL vARm N BITUMINOUS OILYADHESIVEA COMBINATION INVENTOR. ALBERT c. FISCHER.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Nov. 25, 1947 POROUS BODY EXPANSION JOINT Albert C. Fischer,Chicago, lll.

Appucation Maren 1, 1945, sensi Na'ssoza (ci. sai-1s) 7 claims.

This invention constitutes a structural improvement upon the flatslab-like strips of material commonly used for the purpose (among otherpurposes) of defining the lines of subdivision in the pouring of cementpavements, and which, being made of deformable material, remainpermanently in position in the nished pavement to serve as Weather-proofllers, conventionally called expansion joints" in the spaces that mustbe left between the sections of pavement to permit thermal expansion ofthe sections While in use.

There are a number of different types of expension joints made to servethe purpose of yieldingly filling the spaces referred to and varying,structurally, from material formed in situ by pouring hot asphaltic 'orequivalent material into the spaces, to slab-like strips extruded orotherwise preformed at the place of production. Most of these types,while readily yielding to the cement pavement sections in the directionof thermal expansion, will not react satisfactorily in the sense ofkeeping the spaces lled and weatherproof as the spaces are enlarged bycontraction of the pavement sections under falling temperatures.

Attempts made to render expansion joints properly reactive tocontraction of pavement sections and the resultant enlargement of thespaces between them, have been either along the line of complicating thejoint structure in a manner to set up counterow of ductile asphaltduring contraction, from spaces into which the asphalt escaped duringexpansion of the sections or else incorporating a fibrous or otherresilient ller in the joint structure or producing the joint structurefrom a fabricated body of fiber impregnated with asphalt. Both of theseremedies were failures and did not render the joint body reactivebecause the fibrous matter was saturated beyond the possibility ofresiliency.

The present invention solves the problem by constructing the preformedexpansion joint slab or strip with not only suicient mass integrity topermit it to be manipulated as a dividing wall in the mannerconventional in the art of pouring sectional cement pavements, but withthe novel condition of having a degree of inherent mass resliency thatpermits it to yield by compression as distinguished from owing under thepressure of the thermally expanding pavement sections: and by suchcompression, storing in the resilient expansion joint body, energy thatcauses said body to return by expansion to approximately its originaldimension, as distinguished from back sponge rubber (preferably with itscells ruptured) f ow, in order to ll the enlarging space betweensections when the pavement sections contract under loweringtemperatures, these phenomena being achieved, according to theinvention, by incorporating in the expansion joint a slab or stripformed of material having a highly porous or cellular structure andinherent body resiliency; for instance, the qualities possessed by abody of or by an inherently resilient body of bers, felted or otherwisefabricated into self retaining form with mass integrity and inherentbody resiliency; or some materialequivalent to these; said bodies beingrendered proof against seepage of water on any or all of its faces thatare liable to encounter moisture in service; their moisture proongelements being applied as a shallow surface infiltrate entering into andanchoring itself to and capable of sealing the outer pores of the body,but leaving unfilled and unobstructed the pores of the main mass of bodymaterial, of which the joint is made; and leaving the individualelements that dene the pores of the main portion of the body withoutinteradhesion and free to exercise their individual resiliency; and thesaid moistureproong element having when set, an inherent elasticity thatprevents its rupture or impairment of its pore-sealing andmoisture-proofing capacity when it partakes of the alternate compressionand distension of the porous body in service.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view in vertical transverse section, of opposedends of two pavement sections and the porous liber-board body of aninterposed expansion joint; said fiber-board body being proofed againstwater seepage at top and bottom and the tread surface filler used abovethe joint being omitted;

Fig. 2 is a View similar to Fig. 1 in which the main body portion of theexpansion joint is made of sponge rubber and the *seepage proong elementis applied' as an elastic surface ller completely around said body;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view in perspective, showing a body portion ofan expansion joint similar to that of Fig. 1, with seepage proofingelements of special materials at top and bottom, fashioned at the sidesto cause them to be embedded in the paving sections;

Fig. 4-is a View similar to Fig. 1, on a somewhat smaller scale, showingthe tread-surface filler element in position;

Fig. 5 is a view partlyin vertical transverse section and partly inperspective showing the exone paving section and the adjacent ber boardAbody of the expansion joint having a seepage proofing cap similar tothat of Fig. 3, but located to also serve as the expansion joint treadsurface flush with the wheel surface of the pavement.

Referring tothe drawings, I represents highly cellular or porous andinherently resilient bodies of fiber-board or like material, (of whichthere are several different makes upon the market), usually made forheat insulating purposes but here used to constitute the principal bodymasses of expansion joints.

Bodies I are installed between opposed ends 2, 3 of adjacent pavingsections, in conventional manner, and having suloient resiliency to notonly enable them to yield and assume reduced transverse dimension andincreased density under pressure of the ends 2, 3, when the pavementsections expand under rising temperatures, but to store up suflicientenergy in so doing, to cause the bodies to expand toward their originaltransverse dimensions and continue to ll the enlarging space between thesections when the sections contract under falling temperatures.

In Fig. l, the top and bottom edges of body I have their adjacent cellsfilled with an elastic compressible material 4, 5, water-proof at leastto the extent that it will cause the porous body to resist seepage ofwater when its outer cells are filled with said material. By shallowimpregnation of pores or cells of body l near its outer surfaces, thewaterproofing material is anchored to the cellular body; and when setits elasticity enables it to partake of the alternate compression anddistention that occur in the resilient body under expansion andcontraction of the paving sections, without impairment of itswater-proofing relation to the body. Numeral 6 in Fig. 1 indicates aspace left for introduction of a filling (6a, Fig. 4) such as asphalt orthe like, conventionally introduced by pouring in molten state forproviding tread surface on the expansion Joint flush with the wheelsurface of the pavement.

In Fig. 2, the cellular or porous body 'l is sponge rubber, and itsshallow impregnation that moisture-proofs it is an elastic filler 8preferably applied to all four faces of the body in substantially thesame relation as described in connection with the fillers 4 and 5 ofFig. 1.

In Fig. 3 the porous or cellular body I of fabricated ber has a crowningstrip 9 of rubber, preferably sponge rubber, fashioned with longitudinalbeads I at its sides, which become embedded in the poured pavementsections 2, 3 so that the rubber strip cannot be drawn away from itsplace by disturbances of traffic, whether exerted through the medium ofthe filler to be poured into space 6 (Fig. 3), or exerted upon thecrowning strip direct, when, as shown in Fig. 11, this rubber crowningstrip is flush with the wheel surface of the pavement. Beneath therubber crowning strip in both Fig. 3 and Fig. 11 there is a rubberizedmastic water-proofing member II, prepared so as to retain its elasticityand expansibility, said member II being applied to the edge of thecellular body I by shallow impregnation, or lling of outer cells andconsequent anchorage as described vin connection with Fig. 1. As shownin Fig. 3. when the expansion Joint is set upon damp subsoil. therubberized mastic water-proofing element I4 and laterally beaded rubberapron I2, I3, substantial duplicates of elements 9, I0 and I I, arepreferably used at the bottom of the Joint. Rubber apron I2, I3 mayinclude a facing flange I5.

The waterproofing member Il is preferably of a rubberized bituminouscomposition having a high degree of adhesive tenacity, plasticity anddistendabillty or stretch, with recuperative capabilities, whichproperties remain effective even at sub-freezing temperatures ranging to0 F. The adhesive powers of this material are such that it retains aneffective bond with different materials such as concrete, asphaltlcexpansion joint bodies.

veither pre-formed or poured, capping strips of i Per cent Kempol #54(polymerized oil) 32.6 (26 to 35) Asphalt B 38.0 (35 to 45) Residual orflux oil 21.6 (16 to 25) Clay 4.0( 3 to 5) Asbestos 1.1 (0.5 to 1.5)Exfoliated Vermiculite 2.7 (1.5 to 3.5)

Kempol #54 is a polymerized linseed oil, and

is representative of any of the various polymerized oils which arecommonly used as rubber substitutes.

'I'he residual or ux oil is that from which the heavy asphalts areblown. It is characterized by the following properties:

Ductility at 77 F., 5 cm. per mln. Penetration at 32 F., 200 gms. 60sec.

The material ls too soft to take a penetration at 77 F. with a standardneedle, and is too soft to take a melting point reading with ring andball.

Asphalt B has the following properties:

Melting point (A, S. T. M. ring and ball) F 175-190 Ductility (A. S. T.M. 77 F., 5 cm. per

min.) cm 4 to 8 Penetration 77 F., 100 gms. 5 secs. A. S. T..M.

cm-- 0.12-0.20 32 F., 200 gms. 60 secs. A. S. T. M.

When the crowning strip 9, shown at a' depressed portion of theexpansion joint in Fig. 3 and iiush with the payement in Fig. 11, ismade of the rubberized bituminous mixtures described in the precedingparagraph either integral with or separate from the water-proofingmember II, the headings I0 enhance the adhesive effects with theconcrete to assure a complete and effective seal despite extensivemovement of the pavement sections.

In Fig. 4 the strip of rubberized sealing mastic IIa, disposed above thecore |,and below the iiller 6a, is effective in adhering to the faces ofthe pavement sections 2 and 3 when the same is of the characterdescribed in the preceding paragraphs. If desired, the ller 6a may bethe rubberized bituminous mixture above, which may be poured into thejoint in a howing state.

In Figs. to 10, inclusive, the basic ideas of Figs. 1 to 4 aresubstantially repeated though with varied detail. Fig. 5 substitutesupper preformed flanged rubberized capping apron 9 andv lower apron I2,I3 as the upper and lower waterproofing elements. When this material isused it should be prepared with a surplus of sluggshly fiuent rubberizedcement that will enable it to partale of compression and distension ofthe expansion joint.

The rubberized tapes I2 and I3 may be formed of the special compositionsdescribed above to obtain a highly distendable and adhesive sealinglayer.

Fig. 6 substitutes for the elastic water-proofing material 4 and 5 attop and bottom of Fig. 1, top and bottom impregnations of latexemulsion. Fig. 'l applies the same latex emulsion as impregnations I6 onall four sides of the cellular body. Latex emulsion may, with advantage,be subjectecl to vulcanization, especially when not pro- Fig. 8, in aconstruction otherwise similar to' Fig. 1, uses flexible Bakelitevarnish as the top and bottom water-proofing impregnation.

Figs. 9 and 10 both show water-proofing impregnation on all four facesof this porous or cellular body; Fig. 9 using a gelatin-bituminous gluecombination Il; and Fig. 10 an oily adhesive I8.

Generally from 11e" to 1/8" will be found a sufficient depth ofimpregnation. Impregnation may be superinduced, in any instance, byeither pressure over the fluid being applied, or by suction at the faceof the porous body opposite that being impregnated.

Materials used herein, such as asphaltic material; rubberized tape,rubberized cement; latex emulsion, with or without heat treatment orvulcanization; asphaltic gelatinized mixture; asphaltic glue mixture;flexible Bakelite varnish; toughened sponge rubber capping; rupturedcell sponge rubber; are all terms well known in the art, identifyingmaterials purchasable in the open market.

It is to be understood that the formulae of construction and types ofjoint mentioned in this specification, are only a few of` the many inwhich. the identifying structural and operative principles of theinvention may be employed; and therefore, I do not wish to be limited tothe particular forms shown, sincethey are selected for purposes ofillustration rather than limitation.

'Ihisy application is a continuation-impart of my application Serial No.330,770, led April 20, 1940, Patent No. 2,370,647, March 6, 1945.

I claim:

1. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising a layerof material bridging the gap between and adhesively bonded to saidpavement sections, formed of a rubberized bituminous material,containing residual oil, comprising about 26 to 35% rubbery material, 35to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5 to 10% degree of adhesivetenacity, distendability and recuperative power, which properties areretained at sub-freezing temperatures for maintaining the layer inadhesive bonded relation with the sections.

2. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising acompressible body of composition material, a layer of material adjacentto said body bridging the gap between and adhesively bonded to saidpavement'sections, said body f being formed of a rubberized bituminousmaterial, containing residual oi1,comprising about 26 to 35% rubberymaterial, 35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to residual oil,'and 5 to 10% solidllingmaterial, and characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity,distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained atsubfreezing temperatures for maintaining the layer in adhesive bondedrelation with the sections.

3. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising acompressible body of comfreezing temperatures for maintaining the layersin adhesive bonded relation with the sections.

4. In an expansion joint the combination ofv a compressible body ofinherently resilient bers within an expansion space between two sectionsI of masonry; said body having pores defined by solid lling material,and characterized by a high its constituent bers; said iibers,-exceptingthose constituting outer surfaces of the body being non-adhering andfreely movable one upon another and leaving the body freely deformablein said expansion space and a sealing apron superposed on the top of thebody and in adhesive contact with the ends of the masonry sections, saidsealing apron being formed of a rubberized bituminous material;containing residual oil, cornprising about 26 to 35% rubbery material,35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5 to 10% solid fillingmaterial, and characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity,distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained atsub-freezing temperatures.

5. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising acompressible composition in the gap between the sections and terminatinga'substantial distance below the paving surface, an a rubberizedbituminous composition, con taining residual oil, comprising about 26 to35% rubbery material, 35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5to 10% solid lling material, and lling the gap above the compressiblecomposition and adhesively bonded to the sections, said rubberizedbituminous material characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity,distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained atsub-freezing temperatures for maintaining the rubberized bituminousmaterial in adhesive bonded relation with the sections.

6. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising acompressible composition in the gap between the sections and terminatinga substantial distance below the paving surface, a non-metal stripbridging the gap between and adhered to said sections below thecompressible composition material, containing ilux oil, and a rubberizedbituminous composition, containing residual oil, comprising about 26 to35% rubbery material, 35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5to 10% solid lling material, and lling the gap above the compressiblematerial and adhesively `bonded to said sections.

7. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising acompressible composition in the gap between the sections and terminatinga substantial distance below the paving surface, said compositioncontaining on its exposed side surfacesrubberized bituminous material,containing residual oil, comprising about 26 to 35% rubbery material, 35to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5 to 10% solid fillingmaterial, and characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity,distendability and recuperative powers which properties are retained atsub-freezing temperatures for adhesively bonding with and maintaining anadhesive bond with the sections, and rubberized bituminous material ofthe same charac- 18 ter as that on the side surfaces of the compressiblecomposition lling the gap above the compressible composition andadhesively bonded with the sections.

. ALBERT C. FISCHER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in theiile ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

